His rule marked the first and last time in modern Mongolian history that an individual had complete political power. Sometimes referred to as "the Stalin of Mongolia", Choibalsan oversaw Soviet-ordered purges in the late s that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 30, to 35, Mongolians. Most of the victims were Buddhist clergy , intelligentsia , political dissidents , ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs and other "enemies of the revolution.
Throughout his rule, Mongolia's economic, political and military ties to the USSR deepened, infrastructure and literacy rates improved and international recognition of Mongolia's independence expanded, especially after World War II.
His father was likely a Daur Mongol from Inner Mongolia called Jamsu, but Choibalsan claimed to be unaware of his identity. In part to prevent him from being returned to the monastery, a sympathetic Buryat teacher named Nikolai Danchinov had him enrolled in the Russian consulate's Russian-Mongolian Translators' School.
Original members of the group also included Dambyn Chagdarjav and Darizavyn Losol. No longer faced with directly confronting the Chinese in Mongolia, the Soviets finally threw their backing behind the Mongolian revolutionaries.
At a Soviet-organized MPP conference held secretly in Troitskosavsk from March 1 to 3, subsequently regarded as the first congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party , Choibalsan was elected a member of the provisional revolutionary government. Joint Mongol and Red Army forces directly confronted Ungern's troops in a series of battles near Troitskosavsk from late May to mid-June.
